Comparison of Factors Associated with Myopia among Middle School Students in Urban and Rural Regions of Anhui, China.

SIGNIFICANCE: The prevention and control of myopia have become a major public health task throughout the world. The analysis of the modifiable factors associated with myopia will help in planning concrete strategies that can be widely implemented by schools and families. PURPOSE: This study assessed the modifiable factors associated with myopia and compared them between rural and urban regions. METHODS: Data were collected from December 2020 to March 2021. A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 6154 middle school students. All children underwent an eye examination, including visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction. Data on near work, sleep, and outdoor activities were collected in questionnaires. RESULTS: The myopia prevalence values in urban and rural regions were 68.1 and 63.7%, respectively ( χ2 = 15.57, P < .001). More than 3 hours of homework per day (odds ratio [OR] in urban and rural regions, 1.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.07 to 1.75] vs. 1.72 [95% CI, 1.43 to 2.07]), 36 to 40 core subjects per week (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57] vs. 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24 to 1.64]), and going to sleep before 10 o'clock (OR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.93] vs. 0.50 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.90]) were significantly associated with myopia in both regions. In contrast, taking breaks during near work was a significant factor in the rural region (<1 hour: OR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.76]; 1 to 2 hours: OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.86]) but not in the urban region. More time outdoors per day was associated with a reduced prevalence of myopia only for urban children (2 to 3 hours: OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.97]; >3 hours: OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.19 to 0.75]). CONCLUSIONS: Homework loads and the time of going to sleep were associated with myopia for children in both urban and rural regions. However, time outdoors was only associated with myopia in urban regions, and taking breaks during near work was only associated with myopia in rural regions.

[Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the prostate: a case report and review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the prostate. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a case of IMT of the prostate and reviewed relevant literature. The patient was a 62-year-old man, who was twice referred to the local hospital for recurrence of dysuria. He was diagnosed as with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and twice underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). But frequent recurrence of dysuria followed postoperatively, for which he came to our hospital and received another TURP and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). Pathological findings showed chronic inflammation of the bladder, papillary hyperplasia with mild dysplasia in regional urothelial and IMT of the prostate. Six months later, the patient came again to our hospital for recurrence of dysuria. Computed tomography revealed a large mass in the bladder. RESULTS: The patient underwent laparoscopic bladder radical resection and ileal conduit diversion, simultaneously with pelvic lymph node dissection. The pathological examination confirmed it to be an IMT of the prostate with the bladder but not regional lymph nodes involved. An 11-month follow-up showed neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: IMT of the prostate is a rare borderline lesion, whose diagnosis is very difficult and mainly depends on pathological findings. IMT of the prostate is liable to recur and even invade the bladder. Radical resection is recommended for patients with large and recurrent tumors, and close follow-up is strongly warranted.